Bladder stones, or uroliths, are a common cause of urinary tract disease in both dogs and cats. These mineralized formations can irritate the bladder wall, obstruct urine flow, and can lead to potentially life-threatening complications
Bladder stones form from the crystallization of minerals in the urine.
Several types exist, with struvite and calcium oxalate being the most common in small animals
Struvite stones are often associated with urinary tract infections in dog
Calcium oxalate stones tend to form in sterile urine and are more likely to recur
A 6 years old cat presented for recurrent hematuria - vocalization - frequent visits to the litter - dysuria - straining to urinate
Abdominal Radiographs: Single large radiopaque urolith visible in the bladder
Ultrasound: Confirmed bladder stone, no evidence of renal involvement or ureteral obstruction
Cystotomy is the surgical option for treatment and indicated when :
Stones are too large or numerous to pass
Medical dissolution fails or is not appropriate (e.g., with calcium oxalate stones)
There is a urethral obstruction
Recurring infections are associated with stones
Immediate relief of obstruction or discomfort is necessary
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