Cystotomy in 6 Years Old Cat - Urolithiasis

Bladder stones, or uroliths, are a common cause of urinary tract disease in both dogs and cats. These mineralized formations can irritate the bladder wall, obstruct urine flow, and can lead to potentially life-threatening complications

Bladder stones form from the crystallization of minerals in the urine.

Several types exist, with struvite and calcium oxalate being the most common in small animals

Struvite stones are often associated with urinary tract infections in dog

Calcium oxalate stones tend to form in sterile urine and are more likely to recur


History

Diagnostics

Treatment

A 6 years old cat presented for recurrent hematuria - vocalization - frequent visits to the litter - dysuria - straining to urinate

Abdominal Radiographs: Single large radiopaque urolith visible in the bladder

Ultrasound: Confirmed bladder stone, no evidence of renal involvement or ureteral obstruction

Cystotomy is the surgical option for treatment and indicated when :

Stones are too large or numerous to pass

Medical dissolution fails or is not appropriate (e.g., with calcium oxalate stones)

There is a urethral obstruction

Recurring infections are associated with stones

Immediate relief of obstruction or discomfort is necessary

One large bladder stone

Ventral Midline approach extending from the umbilicus to the pelvis

Bladder is then exteriorized

Isolation to prevent any un wanted contamination

Stapp incision the the ventral part

bladder is visualized

Removal of the stone

Stone removed measuring 3 cm

Post operative x ray

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